Azerbaijan's invasion and annexation of Nagorno-Karabakh leading to Armenian exodus

The conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh, a region historically populated by Armenians but internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan, has deep roots dating back to the Soviet era. In 2020, Azerbaijan launched a military campaign to reclaim control over the enclave, which had been governed by ethnic Armenians since the early 1990s. Following a brief but intense war, a ceasefire was established, yet tensions persisted. In late 2022, Azerbaijan imposed a blockade on the Lachin corridor, the only route connecting Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenia, exacerbating the humanitarian situation. This blockade led to severe shortages of food, medicine, and other critical supplies, creating dire living conditions for the residents.

Military Offensive and Annexation

On September 19, 2023, Azerbaijan initiated a military offensive that resulted in the rapid capture of Nagorno-Karabakh. The offensive was characterized by heavy bombardment and ground assaults, prompting an immediate ceasefire agreement just 24 hours later. This swift action effectively ended the region’s self-governance and led to the mass exodus of its Armenian population. Reports indicate that the vast majority of the ethnic Armenian residents fled to Armenia, marking one of the largest displacements since the Armenian genocide.

International Response and Legal Actions

In the aftermath of the invasion, there has been significant international concern regarding the actions taken by Azerbaijan. Legal representatives have filed complaints with the International Criminal Court (ICC), alleging crimes against humanity due to the forced deportation of Armenians and the conditions under which they were displaced. The legal framework used for these complaints cites the Rome Statute, emphasizing that the deportation of a population under such circumstances constitutes a crime against humanity.

Political Implications

The situation has also led to political ramifications in the United States, particularly among Armenian-Americans who feel disillusioned with the Biden administration’s response to the crisis. Many members of the Armenian diaspora have expressed their intent to withhold votes in upcoming elections as a form of protest against perceived inaction regarding Azerbaijan’s aggression. This sentiment is echoed by various Armenian advocacy groups that have been mobilizing to raise awareness and push for a more robust U.S. response to the situation in Nagorno-Karabakh.

Conclusion

The invasion and annexation of Nagorno-Karabakh by Azerbaijan represent a critical juncture in the region’s ongoing conflict, resulting in significant humanitarian consequences and raising complex questions about international law, human rights, and geopolitical alliances. The situation remains fluid, with ongoing discussions about the future of the displaced population and the potential for further international legal actions against Azerbaijan.