Debate over the legacy of Mexican President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador as he prepares to leave office

AMLO has been credited with lifting millions out of poverty through various economic reforms, including raising the minimum wage and expanding welfare programs. Reports indicate that approximately 5.1 million people exited poverty during his tenure, marking the most significant reduction in over two decades. However, critics argue that his administration has eroded democratic norms, particularly through reforms that could politicize the judiciary and diminish the independence of institutions like the National Electoral Institute. Furthermore, AMLO’s approach to security has raised alarms, as he has expanded military influence in public safety matters, despite initial promises to reduce militarization.

Economic Achievements and Challenges

• Poverty Reduction: AMLO’s policies have reportedly led to a historic decrease in poverty levels, with significant increases in social spending.
• Fiscal Policy: Despite these achievements, critics note that Mexico’s social spending remains the lowest among OECD countries, and tax collection is insufficient to sustain long-term economic growth.

Security and Accountability Issues

• Violence and Crime: While AMLO claims stability in crime rates, high levels of violence persist, with many homicides remaining unsolved. His administration’s militarization of public security has drawn criticism from human rights advocates.
• Military Power: The transfer of the National Guard to military control has raised concerns about accountability and the potential for increased violence and human rights abuses.

Political Polarization and Democratic Concerns

• Controversial Reforms: AMLO’s final weeks in office saw the passage of contentious reforms, including changes that could undermine judicial independence. These actions have sparked widespread protests and fears of democratic erosion.
• Legacy of Political Realignment: AMLO’s presidency has fundamentally altered Mexico’s political landscape, establishing the Morena Party’s dominance and setting the stage for his successor, Claudia Sheinbaum, to continue his policies.

As AMLO exits the presidency, the discourse surrounding his legacy reflects a nation grappling with the balance between economic progress and the preservation of democratic values.