Migrant Crossings Reduction in Panama

Since Mulino’s administration began, the government has closed certain routes through the Darien Gap and increased deportations, with support from the United States. This has resulted in a significant drop in the number of migrants crossing the region, with 259,712 migrants recorded between January and September 25, 2024. In July, the first month of Mulino’s presidency, the number of crossings fell to 20,519, a 34% decrease from June and less than half of the number from the same month in 2023. August saw further declines, with 19% fewer crossings compared to July and five times fewer than in August 2023.

Government Measures and Their Impact

The Panamanian government’s approach has been characterized by stricter enforcement and an emphasis on reducing the flow of migrants. Analysts express skepticism regarding the long-term effectiveness of these measures, noting that they may not address the underlying causes of migration. Moreover, there are concerns that such policies could push migrants to seek alternative, potentially more dangerous routes, including those through the Caribbean.

Context of Migration Trends

The Darien Gap has become a significant transit point for migrants from various countries, particularly Venezuelans, seeking better opportunities in the United States. In 2023, a record 520,000 migrants crossed this route. The recent decrease in crossings coincides with broader immigration policies in the U.S., including an asylum ban for migrants crossing the U.S.-Mexico border, which influences migration patterns throughout Central and South America.

Future Considerations

While the current reduction in crossings may reflect immediate policy impacts, experts warn that without addressing the root causes of migration, such as economic instability and violence in home countries, the situation may not see sustainable improvement. The government’s focus on enforcement, while potentially effective in the short term, raises questions about the safety and well-being of migrants seeking passage through the region.