Mapping destruction in Gaza using satellite data

The Israel-Hamas war, which escalated on October 7, 2023, has resulted in significant loss of life and widespread displacement, with nearly 42,000 fatalities reported and 90% of Gaza’s population displaced. Traditional methods of assessing damage have been hindered by restrictions on journalists and humanitarian workers, leading a team of researchers from the U.S. to employ satellite data from organizations like the European Space Agency and NASA. This method allows for a more rapid and comprehensive understanding of the destruction, particularly in terms of infrastructure damage, which has been reported to amount to approximately $18.5 billion, affecting housing, health facilities, and essential services.

Satellite Technology and Damage Assessment

Researchers have utilized radar technology to create three-dimensional images of the affected areas, which can reveal structural changes not visible in standard optical images. This innovative approach enables faster tracking of damage indicators compared to traditional satellite imagery analysis, which can take weeks to process.

The Extent of Destruction

The destruction in Gaza has been described as unprecedented, with significant impacts on civilian infrastructure. Reports indicate that approximately 72% of the damage has been to housing, while critical facilities, such as health centers and roads, have also suffered extensive damage. The United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) has noted that two-thirds of its facilities in Gaza have been damaged or destroyed, affecting educational services for hundreds of thousands of children.

Humanitarian Implications

The ongoing conflict and destruction have led to severe humanitarian challenges, including food insecurity and lack of access to clean water. Displaced individuals have sought refuge in makeshift shelters, often in areas ill-equipped to support such large populations. As the situation continues to evolve, the long-term effects on education and community infrastructure remain a critical concern, particularly for the younger generation whose schools have been repurposed as shelters.

Conclusion

The use of satellite data to map destruction in Gaza provides a vital tool for understanding the conflict’s impact on the region. As researchers continue to analyze the data, it highlights the urgent need for humanitarian assistance and the challenges faced by the displaced population in the wake of ongoing violence.