Mpox outbreak in Congo gold mining town

The DRC has been identified as the epicenter of the ongoing mpox crisis, with over 20,000 cases reported and more than 500 fatalities in 2024 alone. The outbreak has been particularly severe in mining towns, where close living conditions and mobility among workers can facilitate rapid virus transmission. The WHO has issued its highest alert level in response to the situation, emphasizing the urgent need for effective vaccine distribution and public health measures. Despite recent donations of mpox vaccines from countries like the United States and Denmark, the reliance on external support highlights the broader issue of vaccine production capacity in Africa, where less than 2 percent of the continent’s vaccine needs are met locally.

Vaccine Production Challenges

African nations are grappling with significant challenges in vaccine production, which have been magnified during health emergencies like the mpox outbreak. Currently, fewer than 10 manufacturers in Africa produce vaccines, and their combined output is insufficient to meet the continent’s needs. The WHO has noted that financial and technical barriers hinder the establishment of robust local production capabilities.

International Support and Local Initiatives

Efforts to improve vaccine availability in Africa include partnerships with international organizations and pharmaceutical companies. For instance, the African Union has set ambitious goals to produce 60 percent of the continent’s vaccines by 2040. However, achieving this will require substantial investment in local production facilities and technology transfer agreements with established manufacturers. Countries like South Africa are exploring collaborations to enhance their production capabilities, but progress has been slow and fraught with challenges.

The Impact of Delayed Vaccinations

The delays in vaccine distribution have serious implications for public health. Experts warn that without timely access to vaccines, the spread of mpox could continue to escalate, leading to more severe outbreaks. The situation underscores the need for a coordinated global response to ensure equitable access to vaccines, particularly in regions most affected by infectious diseases.