Iran protests following Mahsa Amini's death

In the two years since Amini’s death, Iranian women have increasingly challenged the hijab mandate, often seen walking in public without headscarves, especially in the evenings. This act of defiance occurs despite intensified state surveillance and crackdowns on dissent, including arrests and violent reprisals against those who showcase their opposition online. Reports indicate that Iranian authorities have ramped up monitoring of social media, leading to arrests of women who post images of themselves without hijabs. For example, women like Alef and Kosar Eftekhari faced severe consequences, including lashes and imprisonment, for their online expressions of solidarity with the protests. Additionally, the Iranian government has implemented measures such as aerial surveillance and the use of apps to report women not adhering to hijab laws, reflecting a heightened state of control over personal freedoms.

Social Media and Surveillance

The Iranian government’s response to the protests has included increased surveillance of social media activities. Many women have reported being spied on, leading to arrests for posts that express dissent or showcase their hair uncovered. Such actions highlight the risks involved in using social media as a platform for resistance, where individuals like Alef have faced severe repercussions for their online presence.

Political Landscape and Reform

The political landscape in Iran has also shifted, with the election of President Masoud Pezeshkian, who has promised to reduce harassment by morality police. However, the ultimate authority remains with Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who opposes the lifting of hijab mandates. Despite some optimism regarding potential reforms, the reality on the ground suggests that the struggle for women’s rights and broader freedoms in Iran continues amidst a backdrop of repression and state control.

Cultural Impact

Mahsa Amini’s legacy persists as a rallying cry for change. Her death has not only galvanized protests but also inspired cultural expressions, such as songs that became anthems for the movement. The Iranian Grammy winner Shervin Hajipour, whose song resonated deeply with the protests, was recently pardoned from a sentence related to his work, illustrating the intersection of art, activism, and state response in the ongoing struggle for freedom in Iran.