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Russia's Nuclear Energy Diplomacy in Central Asia

Summary

Russia’s nuclear energy diplomacy in Central Asia is characterized by its strategic partnerships and projects aimed at maintaining influence in the region, particularly in light of geopolitical tensions stemming from the war in Ukraine. As countries like Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan explore nuclear energy options, Russia’s state atomic agency, Rosatom, positions itself as a key player in these developments, seeking to leverage its historical ties and expertise in nuclear technology.

Kazakhstan recently held a referendum where over 70% of voters supported the construction of the country’s first nuclear power plant, which has opened discussions about the potential involvement of international companies, including Rosatom. Despite the desire for a multinational consortium, concerns linger about the implications of relying on Russia for nuclear technology and the potential for increased influence over Kazakhstan’s energy sector. The situation is further complicated by the need for financing and operational expertise, as Rosatom remains one of the few entities with a successful track record in building nuclear reactors abroad. Additionally, the dynamics of regional energy security, economic dependencies, and historical legacies of Soviet nuclear testing influence the decision-making processes of Central Asian nations as they navigate their future energy landscapes.

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